The European Renaissance

Definition and Historical Period

The Renaissance was a European cultural movement and historical period that emerged at the end of the Late Middle Ages and marked the transition to the early modern era. It involved the rediscovery and revival of the literary, philosophical, artistic, and scientific achievements of classical Greece and Rome. The movement was rooted in humanism, which emphasized human potential, reason, classical learning, and the study of original texts. It began primarily in Florence and other Italian city-states before spreading throughout Europe. The Renaissance is dated in different ways. Some historians define it mainly as a movement of the 15th and 16th centuries, while broader interpretations place its beginnings in the 14th century and extend it into the 17th century. Early signs appeared in Italy during the late 13th and early 14th centuries through the works of Dante, Petrarch, and Giotto. In Italy, the period gradually ended with events such as the Protestant Reformation, the Sack of Rome in 1527, and the Counter-Reformation, although Renaissance ideas and artistic developments continued into the 16th and 17th centuries in other parts of Europe.

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Revival of Classical Antiquity

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