The U.S. Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights Movement Goals and Timeline

The modern U.S. Civil Rights Movement, generally dated from 1954 to 1968, sought to end legalized racial segregation, discrimination, and African American disenfranchisement. Its roots extended through Reconstruction, when the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments abolished slavery, established citizenship, and protected Black male voting rights. After Reconstruction, Jim Crow laws, voter suppression, racial violence, segregation, and discriminatory housing and employment practices severely restricted these rights. Legal challenges led by organizations such as the NAACP helped prepare the way for the movement, especially through the Supreme Court's 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which declared segregated public schools unconstitutional.

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Reconstruction Amendments and African American Citizenship

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