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An electric battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy using electrochemical cells.
An electric battery is a power source made of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections used to supply electrical energy to devices. When operating, the battery’s positive terminal is the cathode and the negative terminal is the anode; the negative terminal is the source of electrons. Connecting the battery to a load drives electron flow through the external circuit while internal redox reactions convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Historically, “battery” referred to devices made from multiple cells, but modern usage includes single-cell devices. Batteries are commonly grouped by how they can be used: primary batteries are single-use and cannot be recharged because their chemical reactions are not reversible, while secondary batteries are rechargeable because applying current reverses the discharge reactions and restores the electrode materials. Batteries vary widely in size and application, from small cells for portable electronics to large battery banks for standby or emergency power.
An electric battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy using electrochemical cells.
The cathode is the positive terminal and the anode is the negative terminal; electrons originate at the negative terminal.
Primary batteries are not rechargeable (irreversible reactions), while secondary batteries are rechargeable (reversible reactions via applied current).
Battery terminology has evolved from meaning multiple-cell devices to including single-cell batteries as well.
A source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices.
The positive terminal of a battery where cations are reduced as electrons are added during discharge.
The negative terminal of a battery where metal atoms are oxidized as electrons are removed during discharge.
The voltage difference across a battery’s terminals, which depends on whether the battery is charging, discharging, or at open circuit.
A single-use battery whose chemical reactions are generally not reversible, so it cannot be recharged reliably.
A battery that can be discharged and recharged multiple times by reversing the chemical reactions using an applied electric current.
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