Universe: definition, evolution, and structure

Definition of the universe

The universe is defined as everything that exists: all forms of matter and energy, and the structures they form, spanning from sub-atomic particles to entire cosmic structures. In this sense, it includes all space and time and everything contained within intergalactic space, such as planets, moons, stars, and galaxies. Some philosophers and scientists also argue that abstract concepts like mathematics and logic may be included in the definition. In cosmology, the universe is also described through its evolution and large-scale properties. The prevailing modern picture is that the universe has been expanding for about 13.8 billion years, beginning from an extremely hot and dense early state associated with the Big Bang. The observable universe is limited by the finite speed of light, and today it is roughly 93 billion light-years in diameter, while the total (overall) size of the universe remains unknown. The term “universe” comes from Old French “univers,” ultimately from Latin “universus,” meaning “combined into one.” The word has been used in related senses throughout history, and it has close synonyms in various traditions and languages, such as “the all” and “the cosmos.”

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Etymology of the word universe

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