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World War I lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 and was fought between the Allied Powers and the Central Powers.
World War I was a global conflict fought from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 between the Allied Powers and the Central Powers. Its underlying causes included rival alliances, imperial competition, nationalism, militarism, an arms race, and instability in the Balkans. The immediate trigger was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, setting off a chain reaction involving Russia, Germany, France, Britain, and Belgium. The war developed into a prolonged conflict characterized by trench warfare on the Western Front, more mobile fighting on the Eastern Front, and major campaigns in the Balkans, the Middle East, and elsewhere. New technologies such as machine guns, artillery, aircraft, tanks, and chemical weapons increased its destructiveness. The United States joined the Allies in 1917, while revolutionary Russia withdrew after the Bolshevik Revolution. Allied offensives in 1918 caused the collapse of the Central Powers, leading to the armistice of 11 November 1918. The war caused approximately 15–22 million deaths, contributed to the spread of the Spanish flu, destroyed four major empires, reshaped national boundaries, and led to the Treaty of Versailles and the creation of the League of Nations.
World War I lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918 and was fought between the Allied Powers and the Central Powers.
Long-term causes included militarism, nationalism, imperial rivalry, alliance systems, and political instability in the Balkans.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered the July Crisis and the rapid expansion of a conflict initially centered on Austria-Hungary and Serbia.
Trench warfare produced a stalemate on the Western Front, while the Eastern Front and other theaters were more dynamic.
The United States entered the war in 1917, while revolutionary Russia withdrew and signed a separate peace with the Central Powers in 1918.
The war ended with the defeat of the Central Powers, the collapse of four empires, major territorial changes, and an estimated 15–22 million deaths.
The coalition that opposed the Central Powers, including Britain, France, Russia, Italy, the United States, and other countries.
The wartime coalition led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.
The diplomatic crisis following Franz Ferdinand's assassination that culminated in the outbreak of war in August 1914.
A form of combat in which opposing armies fought from fortified trenches, especially on the Western Front.
Germany's strategy to quickly defeat France through Belgium before turning its forces against Russia.
The 1919 peace settlement that imposed territorial losses, disarmament, and reparations on Germany.
An international organization established after the war to promote collective security and prevent future conflicts.
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