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World War II lasted from 1 September 1939 to 2 September 1945 and involved nearly every major country in a global conflict between the Allies and Axis powers.
World War II was a global conflict fought from 1 September 1939 to 2 September 1945 between the Allied and Axis powers. It arose from unresolved tensions after World War I, the punitive Treaty of Versailles, economic and political instability, the rise of fascism and Nazism, Japanese militarism, and the failure of collective security. Major developments before the war included Japan's invasions in China and Manchuria, Italy's invasion of Ethiopia, the Spanish Civil War, Germany's rearmament and territorial expansion, and the appeasement policies that enabled the annexation of Austria and the Sudetenland. Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939 led Britain and France to declare war, while the Soviet Union invaded eastern Poland shortly afterward.
World War II lasted from 1 September 1939 to 2 September 1945 and involved nearly every major country in a global conflict between the Allies and Axis powers.
Important causes included post-World War I resentment, the Treaty of Versailles, fascist and militarist expansion, economic instability, and the weakness of the League of Nations.
Germany invaded Poland in 1939, triggering declarations of war by Britain and France; Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 brought the United States into the war.
Major turning points included the Battles of Stalingrad and Midway, the Allied victory in North Africa, and the Normandy invasion in 1944.
The war resulted in approximately 60–75 million deaths, most of them civilians, including millions murdered during the Holocaust.
The postwar world saw the establishment of the United Nations, the rise of the United States and Soviet Union as superpowers, the start of the Cold War, and widespread decolonization.
The coalition that opposed the Axis powers, chiefly including the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, China, and France.
The principal wartime coalition led by Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan.
The systematic persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators, along with the killing of other targeted groups.
The policy of making concessions to aggressive states, especially Germany, in an effort to avoid war.
A 1939 German-Soviet non-aggression agreement that secretly divided parts of Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence.
A major 1942–1943 battle in which Soviet forces defeated Germany, becoming a decisive turning point on the Eastern Front.
A June 1942 naval battle in which the United States defeated Japan and halted Japanese expansion in the Pacific.
The Allied invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944, which opened a major Western front against Germany.
An international organization created after World War II to promote cooperation and help prevent future conflicts.
The prolonged geopolitical rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union that emerged after World War II.
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