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X-rays are electromagnetic radiation located between ultraviolet and gamma rays in the electromagnetic spectrum.
X-rays are a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet light and longer than gamma rays. They typically span wavelengths from about 10 nanometers to 10 picometers, corresponding to photon energies from roughly 100 eV to 100 keV. X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who named them “X-radiation” to indicate an unknown type of radiation at the time. In the electromagnetic spectrum, X-rays occupy the region between ultraviolet and gamma rays. This position reflects their high photon energies and ability to penetrate many materials, including construction materials and living tissue. Because X-rays are ionizing radiation, exposure can damage DNA and increase risks such as cancer, so their generation and use are tightly controlled. Their spectral range is often discussed in terms of “soft” and “hard” X-rays, which differ by energy and penetration.
X-rays are electromagnetic radiation located between ultraviolet and gamma rays in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Their wavelengths are approximately 10 nm to 10 pm, corresponding to photon energies of about 100 eV to 100 keV.
X-rays are ionizing and can penetrate matter, enabling medical imaging and materials analysis, but exposure is hazardous and regulated.
The full range of electromagnetic radiation arranged by wavelength or frequency, from long-wavelength radio waves to short-wavelength gamma rays.
High-energy electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet and longer than gamma rays, typically spanning about 10 nm to 10 pm.
Radiation energetic enough to remove electrons from atoms or molecules, potentially causing DNA damage and other harmful biological effects.
Lower-energy X-rays that are generally absorbed more readily and penetrate less deeply than hard X-rays.
Higher-energy X-rays that penetrate more deeply and are generally less absorbed than soft X-rays.
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