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Uncontrolled high blood glucose damages nerves and blood vessels, leading to blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, strokes, foot ulcers, and lower-limb amputation.
Diabetes causes persistent hyperglycaemia, which progressively damages blood vessels and nerves throughout the body. Major complications include heart attacks, strokes, kidney failure, blindness caused by diabetic eye disease, and foot ulcers that may lead to lower-limb amputation. Diabetes also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and can cause permanent nerve, kidney, eye, and foot damage. These complications can often be prevented or delayed through blood glucose control, healthy lifestyle measures, medication, regular screening, and timely treatment. In 2021, diabetes was the direct cause of approximately 1.6 million deaths worldwide, with 47% occurring before age 70. Diabetes also caused around 530,000 deaths from kidney disease, bringing diabetes-related deaths and deaths from diabetic kidney disease to more than 2 million. In addition, high blood glucose contributed to approximately 11% of cardiovascular deaths. Mortality rates from diabetes have increased since 2000, while delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment increase the likelihood that serious complications will develop before care begins.
Uncontrolled high blood glucose damages nerves and blood vessels, leading to blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, strokes, foot ulcers, and lower-limb amputation.
Diabetes directly caused about 1.6 million deaths in 2021, while diabetic kidney disease caused an additional 530,000 deaths.
Approximately 11% of cardiovascular deaths are attributable to high blood glucose.
Nearly half of direct diabetes deaths occur before age 70, and diabetes mortality rates have been increasing since 2000.
Regular blood glucose testing, medication, healthy eating, physical activity, blood pressure and cholesterol management, eye and kidney screening, and foot care can prevent or delay complications.
Abnormally high blood glucose that, when persistent, can damage organs, nerves, and blood vessels.
Kidney damage caused by diabetes that can progress to kidney failure and death.
Damage to the blood vessels of the retina caused by diabetes that can result in permanent vision loss.
Diabetes-related nerve damage, often affecting the feet and increasing the risk of ulcers and amputation.
Heart and blood-vessel conditions associated with diabetes, including heart attack and stroke.
Surgical removal of part of a leg or foot, which may be required when diabetes-related ulcers, poor blood flow, or infection cause severe tissue damage.
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