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Blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of specific inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and the corresponding antibodies in the blood. These antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, and different blood group systems define different sets of antigens. Several RBC surface antigens can come from variants of the same gene and together form a blood group system. Blood types are inherited from both parents and are usually stable for life. As of June 2025, the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) recognizes 48 human blood group systems. The two most clinically important systems are ABO and Rh: together they determine the common blood type labels (A, B, AB, O) and whether the RhD antigen is present (noted as โ+โ or โโโ)โinformation that is essential for safe blood transfusion.
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