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Calcium: properties, uses, biology, safety

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Element identity and periodic-table placement

Calcium (Ca) is the chemical element with atomic number 20 and is placed in the periodic table in group 2, the alkaline earth metals, in period 4. Its electron configuration is [Ar]4s2, meaning it has two valence electrons in the outer s-orbital. In chemical reactions, calcium typically loses these two electrons to form a stable Ca2+ ion (most commonly producing divalent, usually ionic compounds).

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Classification as alkaline earth metal

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