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The circulatory system is an organ system in vertebrates that circulates blood throughout the body. It includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, and is often described as the cardiovascular (or vascular) system. In vertebrates, it is a closed system, meaning blood stays within the network of vessels. The system is organized into two major circuits: pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. Pulmonary circulation moves deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation, then returns oxygen-rich blood to the left side of the heart. Systemic circulation delivers oxygenated blood from the left heart to the rest of the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the right heart via large veins (the venae cavae). Blood vessels form the pathways for this flow and include arteries, capillaries, and veins (with specialized routes such as portal, coronary, cerebral, and renal circulations).
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