Foundations of Computer Security Threats

Computer security purpose and scope

Computer security (also called cybersecurity or IT security) is the subdiscipline of information security focused on protecting computer software, systems, and networks from threats that can cause unauthorized disclosure of information, theft, or damage. It also aims to prevent or limit disruption and misdirection of the services these systems provide, especially as reliance on the Internet, wireless standards, and smart/IoT devices increases. The scope of computer security includes understanding vulnerabilities and the kinds of attacks that exploit them—such as backdoors, denial-of-service (DoS/DDoS), physical access attacks, eavesdropping, malware, man-in-the-middle attacks, phishing, and multi-vector polymorphic threats. It also covers practical defenses and governance activities, including vulnerability management (identifying, fixing, and mitigating flaws), reducing vulnerabilities through patching, secure design and architecture, secure operating systems and coding practices, access control models, and user security training to address human error.

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Vulnerabilities and exploitable vulnerabilities

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