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Sleep is a reversible state of reduced consciousness, physical activity, and sensory responsiveness that still includes active brain patterns.
Sleep is a naturally recurring state of reduced mental and physical activity in which consciousness is altered, sensory responsiveness decreases, and interaction with the environment is limited. Unlike coma or other disorders of consciousness, sleep involves active and organized brain activity. It alternates between non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which typically cycle every 90 minutes several times during the night. Sleep supports essential restorative and regulatory functions. During sleep, the body repairs and maintains the immune, nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems, while the brain consolidates memory, supports mood and cognitive performance, restores energy stores, and clears metabolic waste products. Sleep timing is regulated by the circadian clock, which responds mainly to light and darkness, and by homeostatic sleep pressure, which increases the longer a person remains awake.
Sleep is a reversible state of reduced consciousness, physical activity, and sensory responsiveness that still includes active brain patterns.
Sleep consists of alternating NREM and REM stages; NREM includes progressively deeper sleep, while REM is associated with vivid dreaming, rapid eye movements, and temporary muscle paralysis.
Sleep restores and maintains major body systems, including the immune, nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems.
Sleep contributes to memory consolidation, emotional regulation, mood, cognitive function, and the restoration of cellular energy.
Sleep may help the brain remove metabolic waste products, including amyloid-related waste.
Sleep timing is controlled by the interaction of the circadian clock, environmental light, and homeostatic sleep pressure.
A naturally recurring state of reduced mental and physical activity, altered consciousness, and diminished sensory responsiveness.
The type of sleep that includes stages of light to deep sleep and is generally associated with reduced brain energy use and physical restoration.
A sleep stage characterized by rapid eye movements, active and desynchronized brain activity, vivid dreaming, and temporary loss of skeletal muscle tone.
An internal biological timing system that coordinates sleep and wakefulness across approximately a 24-hour cycle.
The regulatory process by which the need for sleep increases during wakefulness and decreases after sufficient sleep.
The repair and maintenance of bodily and brain systems that occur during sleep and support health, energy, and normal functioning.
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