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The SAT is a standardized, computer-based test used primarily to support undergraduate college admissions in the United States. It is designed to assess reading, writing, mathematical reasoning, problem-solving, and data-analysis skills considered relevant to college readiness. The test is generally taken by high school juniors and seniors, and scores range from 400 to 1600, combining Reading and Writing and Math section scores. SAT scores are intended to supplement high school records by helping admissions officers compare applicants from schools with different curricula, grading systems, and academic opportunities. The College Board states that SAT scores, when combined with high school GPA, can help predict first-year college performance more effectively than grades alone, although the test is only one factor in admissions. Many colleges now have test-optional or test-free policies, and applicants may also submit ACT scores. Because scores can be influenced by educational resources, family background, and test preparation, colleges commonly evaluate them alongside coursework, grades, recommendations, activities, and other application materials.
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The SAT was introduced in 1926 as a standardized college-admissions test in the United States. For much of its early history, it was called the Scholastic Aptitude Test and consisted of Verbal and Mathematical sections, each scored from 200 to 800. The test was originally designed to measure academic aptitude independently of high-school curricula, helping colleges compare applicants from different educational backgrounds. Over time, the SAT underwent several name changes that reflected shifts in how the test was described. It became the Scholastic Assessment Test, then the SAT I: Reasoning Test, followed by the SAT Reasoning Test, and eventually simply the SAT. The College Board later revised the test to align more closely with high-school learning, particularly in the 2016 redesign. The SAT also included related subject examinations: SAT Achievement Tests until 1993 and SAT II: Subject Tests until 2005; these were discontinued after June 2021. In the 2020s, the SAT moved from paper to a shorter, adaptive digital format administered through Bluebook.
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