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Leukemia is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow, where abnormal blood-forming cells proliferate. These cells are not fully developed and are called blasts (or leukemia cells). As they accumulate, they crowd out normal bone marrow function, leading to reduced production of healthy blood cells and causing symptoms such as bleeding/bruising, fatigue, fever, and increased risk of infections. The origin of leukemia is described as involving both inherited (genetic) and environmental (non-inherited) factors. While the exact cause is often unknown, leukemia results from DNA mutations that disrupt normal control of cell death, differentiation, and division. These mutations may occur spontaneously or be triggered by exposures such as ionizing radiation and certain chemicals (e.g., benzene), and risk can also be increased by conditions like Down syndrome and prior chemotherapy.
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